AR4 Finding Aid to the CUMMINS E. SPEAKMAN, JR. PAPERS, 1974-1985 AR 4 Restriction: Maui Historical Society does not own copyright to all of the photographs in this collection. Many of the photos are reference copies reproduced from the collections of other institutions for the purposes of Dr. Speakman's research; such other institutions may retain the originals and copyright. It is the researcher's responsibility to determine the copyright status of the photographs and comply with federal copyright law. SPEAKMAN, CUMMINS E., JR. (1912-ca. 1992). PAPERS, 1974-1985. 0.4 linear feet (1 box). Abstract Papers of a college administrator and educator who was president of Maunaolu College, Paia, Maui, from 1967-1971. Following retirement, Dr. Speakman wrote the first history solely devoted to the Island of Maui, entitled Mowee, An Informal History of the Hawaiian Island (Salem, MA: Peabody Museum, 1978), and published at the time of the Cook Bicentennial in 1978. The collection primarily consists of articles, reference materials, and photographs used in or from research for Dr. Speakman's book. Topics represented include Capt. James Cook, Lanai, Jean Francis Galaup de La Perouse, Maui Archaeology, notes and music for Sea Chanteys, and "Pathfinder," an article about the marine biology discoveries of Robert Michael (Mike) Severns. There is almost nothing of the creative process of Dr. Speakman's book present in the collection except for an undated excerpt from an early draft. Photographs used in Mowee consist of mainly black and white photo and paper copies of images used and unused. All images concern Maui subjects or topics; most are historical, but a few show modern scenes. All or most of the photographs are copies obtained by Speakman from other repositories. Copyright probably is retained by the institution (as is indicated on many of the photographs) or photographer. Also included are a biographical sketch, book reviews, fragmentary other writings, small files pertaining to personal activities and interests, articles and other reference material, and photographs. Dr. Speakman's correspondence with Dr. Kenneth P. Emory, Bishop Museum, 1977-1978, 1983, concerns research sources and historical questions such as the Lono-a-Makihiki story. Also included are notes or text of an article entitled "First Americans," by Speakman about John Ledyard, and photographs of Dr. Speakman, color prints of Speakman and others. Researchers may find of interest the Maunaolu College Records, also held by the Maui Historical Society (call number AR 3). Gift of Cummins E. Speakman, Southwest Harbor, ME, 1988. Accession numbers 88-3-270 (A 600), 95-5-365, catalogue numbers 2761, 07618. Biography Cummins Elliott (Jerry) Speakman, Jr. was born in Delaware in 1912 and raised in Smyrna. He first came to Hawai'i as a passenger on the China Clipper in 1937. Speakman had a brief career in public relations followed by military service in World War II. He subsequently received an M.A. from the University of Virginia and a Ph.D. from Yale University. Dr. Speakman returned to Hawai'i after a career teaching history and political science and in university administration at the University of Virginia, three years at the American University of Beirut, Lebanon, and at Springfield College, Massachusetts, where he was Vice President and Dean of the College. In 1967, he moved to Maui and became president of Maunaolu College, Paia, Maui, where he remained until 1971. Due to health problems Dr. Speakman apparently left Maui for a time, returning to reside again in 1975. During his recuperation, Dr. Speakman began to read about Pacific history and found there was no book on the history of Maui. Taking matters into his own hands, Dr. Speakman researched and wrote the first history solely devoted to the Island of Maui. Entitled Mowee, An Informal History of the Hawaiian Island (Salem, MA: Peabody Museum, 1978), the book describes the November 26-December 1, 1778 visit of Capt. James Cook to Maui, and traces the history of Maui to the present. The book was published at the time of the Cook Bicentennial in 1978. Dr. Speakman also authored other articles, a few of which are represented in this collection. During his professional career, Dr. Speakman also taught a course in Maui history at Chaminade University in Honolulu, served in administrative positions with Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration and the University of Hawai'i, and has been a consultant. Scope and Content Note The papers of Dr. Cummins E. Speakman, Jr. primarily consist of articles, reference materials, and photographs used in or from the creation of his book Mowee. The remainder of the collection is comprised of fragmentary other writings, small files pertaining to Dr. Speakman's activities, career, and personal interests; articles and other reference material, and general photographs. All Hawaiian words have been used in this finding aid as they were when originally written in the records. A brief BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH of Dr. Speakman, prepared to publicize his 1978 book, is present in the collection. Records concerning Dr. Speakman's book MOWEE include a quantity of reference material, notes and writings, and photographs gathered for possible use in the book. Almost nothing reflecting the book's creative process is present in the collection except for an undated excerpt from an early draft manuscript. There are a few articles, excerpts, and book reviews which appeared in local, Hawai'i, and other papers when the book was published in 1978. Dr. Speakman's correspondence with Dr. Kenneth P. Emory, 1977-1978, 1983, concerns specific research sources and historical questions such as the Lono-a-Makihiki story. Also included are notes or text of an article entitled "First Americans," by Speakman about John Ledyard. Secondary reference and research materials collected for his book largely include newspaper articles, excerpts from books and journals, and notes. Topics represented in the collection include Capt. James Cook, Lana'i, Jean Francis Galaup de La Perouse, Maui archaeology, notes and music for sea chanteys, and "Pathfinder," an article about the marine biology discoveries of Robert Michael (Mike) Severns. Also present are several folders of Photographs used in Mowee and a smaller quantity of photo and paper images considered but not used. Most of the photographs are black and white prints, although a few black and white negatives, color transparencies and slides, and color negatives also are present in the collection. Photographs are divided roughly by size, and are described individually in the attached Container List. All of the images concern Maui subjects or topics; most are historical, but a few show modern scenes. Most of the photographs are copies obtained by Speakman from other repositories. Copyright to such photographs is retained by the institution (as is indicated on many of the photographs) or photographer. Following the book's publication, Maui's Acting Mayor Capillo designating a week commemorating Capt. Cook's discovery of Maui. There are photographs of Acting Mayor Capillo receiving a book from Dr. Speakman and making the official designation, November 26, 1978. One additional WRITING by Speakman is present in the collection, a brief piece entitled "Three Eminent Scholars of Hawaii's Ancient Culture." REFERENCE AND COLLECTED MATERIAL in the collection includes articles; a letter, lists of historic sites, and Speakman's notes prepared for the Mayor's Workshop on Maui County's Inventory of Cultural Resources, March 2, 1983, sponsored by the County of Maui Planning Department. Speakman was a presenter at this workshop to update the County inventory of archaeological, historical and cultural sites. Speakman's presentation notes are of interest because they describe how he came to write his book, how he located and chose his sources, and other information. There is a carbon copy of Dr. Speakman's letter to Herb Kawainui Kane, 1985, discussing Kane's agreement to do illustrations for a book on Vancouver in Hawai'i, with comments on progress in writing, the deification of Capt. Cook as Lono, and on a visit with Inez Ashdown. Other materials include articles on real estate development in Makena, and letters, notes, articles, and photo prints and negatives of a hike to Keanae, all concerning the Mauna Ala Hiking Club. Among the letters are one from Inez Ashdown about Pele and Pu'umoe at Ulupalakua, schedules of club hikes and events, and a list of participants in a hike led by Speakman. Miscellaneous materials include two photographs and photocopied excerpts from secondary sources used by Speakman. GENERAL PHOTOGRAPHS include a portrait and candid prints of Dr. Speakman, color prints of Speakman and Dr. Kenneth P. Emory on the grounds of Bishop Museum, November 18, 1978, and miscellaneous other items. The latter include a print and negative of the mill at Spreckelsville, color negatives of an unidentified wedding, and unidentified other negatives. DR. CUMMINS E. SPEAKMAN, JR. PAPERS 1 1 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH, ca. 1978 MOWEE 1 2 Articles, Excerpts, and Reviews of Book 1 3 Excerpt from an Early Draft of the Book, n.d. (copy) 1 4 Capt. Cook Reference Material (used for Chapter III Footnotes) 1 5 Correspondence with Dr. Kenneth P. Emory, 1977-1978, 1983; Article, 1983 1 6 "First Americans," Text of Article by Speakman about John Ledyard 1 7 Lanai Research Materials 1 8 La Perouse, Jean Francis Galaup de - Reference Material 1 9 Maui Archaeology - Article and Notes 1 10 Music - Sea Chanteys 1 11 Severns, Robert Michael (Mike), "Pathfinder" - Article about Marine Biology Photographs 1 12 Photographs Used, 4" x 5" and smaller 1 b/w print, 3 1/2" x 5" - Unidentified man at desk 1 b/w print, 4" x 5" - Chinese arriving on ship, May 4, 1900 1 b/w print, 4" x 5" - Claus Spreckels and friends leaving Hawai'i after failure to restore Lili'uokalani to the throne, n.d. 1 b/w print, 4" x 5" - Work crew loading sugar at Kahului, 1907 1 b/w print, 4" x 5" - David Kuloloia, Makawao cowboy, with horse, 1930s 1 b/w print, 4" x 5" - Japanese women carrying wood and other items, in Lahaina or Kaua'i, n.d. 1 b/w print, 4" x 5" - Street market, Lahaina, n.d. 1 b/w print, 4" x 5" - Portuguese women baking bread in outdoor bread oven, Kula, Makawao, with children in photo, n.d. 1 b/w print, 4" x 5" - Unidentified mill, n.d. 1 b/w print, 4" x 5" - Kahului Railroad Co. locomotive "Claus," n.d. 1 b/w print, 4" x 5" - Street scene in Spreckelsville, n.d. 1 13 Photographs Used, 5" x 7" 1 b/w print, 5" x 7" - Unidentified scene of trestle over ravine, part of water system 2 b/w prints, 5" x 7" - Man on horseback, overlooking Iao Valley 1 b/w print, 5" x 7" - Several generations of a Chinese family 1 b/w print, 5" x 7" - Early street scene along Lahaina harbor 2 b/w prints, 5" x 7" - Sugar mills, one identified as Wailuku Sugar Mill, 1867 1 b/w print, 5" x 7" - Unidentified man 2 b/w prints, 5" x 7" - Return of first men to Maui after World War II (from book) Photographs (Continued) 1 13 Photographs Used, 5" x 7" (Continued) 2 b/w prints, 5" x 7" - Aerial view of island and military base(?) 1 b/w print, 5" x 7" - Unidentified man 1 b/w print, 4 3/4" x 8" - Tiki 1 14 Photographs Used, 8" x 10" (or slightly smaller) 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - First depiction of Maui, by William Bligh, Master of Resolution, November 1778 1 b/w print, 7 1/2" x 10" - Photograph of engraving of the lamentation on the death of Queen Keopuolani, published 1828 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Group of men in front of Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Co. office, n.d. 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Makawao, Ulupalakua Ranch bullock cart for hauling freight, 1910 1 color print, 6 1/2" x 10" - Ka'ahumanu (portrait), n.d. 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Photograph of engraving of a view of early Lahaina, n.d. 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - St. Anthony Church and Roman Catholic Cemetery, Wailuku, picturing priests or brothers and gravesites, n.d. 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Egrejado Espirito Santo, Kula, n.d. 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Edward Bailey family, n.d. 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - The Whaler and swimming pool, 1977 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Map of Maui, n.d. (older) 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Kipahulu landing, n.d. 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Golfers on course, n.d. 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Snorkelers and sunbathers on beach, n.d. 1 15 Photographs Used, 8" x 10" 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Photograph of engraving of Kamehameha I, original from 1816 1 b/w print, 6 1/2" x 8" - Ka'ahumanu (portrait), n.d. 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Photograph of engraving of Ka'ahumanu, n.d. 2 b/w prints, 8" x 10" - Photographs of engraving of Capt. James Cook, n.d. 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Photograph of drawing of David Malo, n.d. 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Photograph of engraving of Dampier painting of young woman (royalty or nobility), n.d. 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Group of women and men at gate at opening of Waihee Valley Ditch, n.d. 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Church, n.d. 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Henry Baldwin, n.d. 1 15 Photographs Used, 8" x 10" (Continued) 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Japanese woman in mu'umum'u, with baby in haole bonnet carried on back Japanese style, n.d. 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Haleakala natural shelter before the rest house was built, n.d. 1 b/w prints, 8" x 10" - Aerial views of island, n.d. 2 b/w prints, 8" x 10" - Workers with pineapple at harvest, n.d. 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" (35mm contact sheet) of various images, many of which are filed with the 5" x 7" prints, and 3 strips of b/w negatives (35mm) 1 16 Photographs and Images Not Used 2 color transparencies, 2 1/4" x 2 1/4" - Ka'ahumanu (color portrait, n.d.; from Kaahumanu Center) 1 b/w print, 3 1/4" x 4" - Speakman with Asian students, n.d. 2 b/w prints, 5" x 7" - Portion of old map, showing Hawaiian Islands 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Cliff diver at Black Rock, Sheraton-Maui, Kaanapali Beach 1 17 Photographs and Negatives - Acting Mayor Capillo Receiving Book from Author and Designating Week Commemorating Capt. Cook's Discovery of Maui, November 26, 1978, including 5 b/w prints, 3 1/2" x 5" and 3 strips of b/w negatives (35mm) WRITING 1 18 "Three Eminent Scholars of Hawaii's Ancient Culture" REFERENCE AND COLLECTED MATERIAL 1 19 Other Articles 1 20 County of Maui, Planning Department, Mayor's Workshop on Maui County's Inventory of Cultural Resources, March 2, 1983 - Notes and Registers of Historic Places Kane, Herb Kawainui 1 21 Letter, 1985 1 22 Makena Articles, 1979, 1985 1 23 Mauna Ala Hiking Club Letters, Notes, Articles, and Maps, 1974-1983 1 24 Mauna Ala Hiking Club Photographs and Negatives of Keanae Hike, n.d. 10 black and white prints, 3 1/2" x 5" 4 sleeves / strips of black and white negatives, 35mm 1 25 Miscellaneous, including: 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Reproduction of engraving of Hawaiian warrior, as depicted by Arago 1 b/w print, 8" x 10" - Reproduction of engraving of Vue de Mouillage des Fregates Francaises a l'Ile de Mowee, depicting ships of La Perouse DR. CUMMINS E. SPEAKMAN, JR. PAPERS GENERAL PHOTOGRAPHS 1 26 1 b/w print, 5" x 7" - Dr. Cummins E. Speakman as president, Maunaolu College 1 b/w print, 4" x 5" - Dr. Speakman at a later date 1 b/w print, 2" x 2" - Dr. Speakman (passport photo?) 1 27 5 color prints, 3 1/2" x 3 1/2" - Speakman and Dr. Kenneth P. Emory, with copy of Mowee, on the grounds of Bishop Museum, November 18, 1978, with a letter from Dr. Emory 1 28 1 b/w print, 5" x 7" and 1 b/w negative, 4" x 5" - Mill at Spreckelsville 1 29 1 sleeve / strip of color negatives, 35mm - 67th birthday, May 1979 1 30 6 sleeves / strips of color negatives, 35mm - Unidentified wedding, n.d. 1 31 5 sleeves / strips of color negatives, 35mm - Unidentified 1 32 2 color slides - canoe with masked rowers; whaling ships and boats off Hawai'i